巩膜外黄斑外垫压术治疗硅油填充术后复发性超高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的　探讨巩膜外黄斑外垫压术治疗硅油填充术后复发性超高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离（macular hole retinal detachment，MHRD） 的可行性及疗效。方法　回顾性分析 2016年6月至2018年1月玻璃体切割硅油填充术后的复发性超高度近视MHRD患者10例（10眼），所有患者均由同一术者行巩膜外黄斑外垫压术，将MEDPOR种植体+人造血管+环扎条带制成的“三明治加压块”固定垫压于黄斑区，术后行眼眶CT检查明确加压块位置。术后6~12个月取出硅油。术后随访18个月，观察并记录术后并发症、视网膜脱离复位、黄斑裂孔闭合情况、术后视力、眼轴长度等指标。结果　眼眶CT显示10眼加压块均位于黄斑区；末次随访 SD-OCT示10眼视网膜完全复位，7眼黄斑裂孔完全闭合，3眼黄斑裂孔部分闭合；9眼术后最佳矫正视力（best corrected visual acuity，BCVA）较术前提高，1眼提高不明显；术前患者 BCVA为（1.55±0.26）LogMAR，术后3个月BCVA为（0.99±0.05）LogMAR，与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）；术前患者眼轴长度为（31.27±1.18）mm，术后3个月为（28.81±0.87）mm，与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。所有患眼均未发生眼底出血、眼内炎、涡静脉回流障碍、眼前部缺血综合征等并发症。结论　巩膜外黄斑外垫压术是治疗硅油填充术后复发性超高度近视MHRD安全有效的手术方法，能提高视网膜解剖复位率、黄斑裂孔闭合率和视力。     

Relationship between rosacea and dietary factors: A multicenter retrospective case–control survey

Although patients with rosacea often consult dermatologists for dietary factors that might be related to their skin disorders, few studies have been conducted to research the relationship between rosacea and dietary factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between rosacea and diet among the large Chinese population with rosacea, which would provide dietary guidelines for patients with rosacea. A multicenter case–control study was conducted. The feeding frequency 2 years before the occurrence of rosacea was collected by standardized questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate risks related to the diet. One thousand three hundred and forty‐seven patients with rosacea and 1290 controls were enrolled in our study. We found that high‐frequency intake of fatty food and tea presented a positive correlation with rosacea, while high‐frequency dairy product intake showed significant negative correlation with rosacea. Sweet food, coffee and spicy food appeared to be independent of any subset of rosacea in our study. However, high‐frequency dairy product intake showed a borderline beneficial effect on rosacea severity. We further analyzed the correlation between diet and the subtype of rosacea. We found that high‐frequency fatty intake was associated with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) and phymatous rosacea, while high‐frequency tea intake was only associated with ETR. In addition, high‐frequency dairy product intake showed negative correlations with ETR and papulopustular rosacea. Rosacea is associated with some dietary factors, and our study is valuable in establishing dietary guidelines to prevent and improve rosacea.     

Contemporary Outcomes and Factors Associated With Mortality After a Fetal or Postnatal Diagnosis of Common Arterial Trunk

Background

Common arterial trunk (CAT) is a rare anomaly with a spectrum of pathology. We sought to identify current trends and factors associated with postnatal outcomes.

不同类型抗癫痫药物对开颅手术患者术后早期高氨血症发病率的影响

目的：评价开颅手术患者应用左乙拉西坦、丙戊酸钠和卡马西平等3种不同抗癫痫药（AEDs）诱发高氨血症（AHA）的发生率、发作程度，并分析患者发生AHA的危险因素。方法：纳入2014年4月至2018年9月间在某院神经外科进行开颅手术的108患者，并将其随机分为左乙拉西坦组（n=36）、丙戊酸钠组（n=36）与卡马西平组（n=36）。3组患者术后分别口服左乙拉西坦片、丙戊酸钠片与卡马西平片进行癫痫预防治疗，在术前，手术当天，术后第1，3，7天检测并比较3组患者的血氨浓度、肝功能和凝血指标，评价3组患者术后AHA发生率、血氨浓度、血氨变化趋势及AEDs对患者肝功能和凝血功能的影响。根据术后患者是否发生AHA，将患者分为术后AHA组（n=70）与术后血氨正常组（n=38），比较2组患者的临床特征，评价患者发生AHA的危险因素。结果：左乙拉西坦组、丙戊酸组与卡马西平组分别有24（66.7%）例、29（80.6%）例及17（47.2%）例患者发生AHA，丙戊酸组患者AHA发生率显著高于卡马西平组（χ²=8.669，P=0.003）。丙戊酸钠组患者术后第3天和第7天血氨浓度及术后血氨的平均浓度均显著高于卡马西平组患者（P=0.023，<0.001，0.028）。术后第7天丙戊酸组患者ALT指标显著低于左乙拉西坦组与卡马西平组（均P<0.001）。影响患者术后发生AHA的危险因素包括：较低的年龄（t=2.061，P=0.042）与较高的术前血氨浓度（t=7.986，P<0.001）。AHA组患者术后总胆红素（t=3.788，P<0.001）、直接胆红素（t=3.329，P=0.001）和血清白蛋白（t=11.624，P<0.001）较术前显著降低，血浆凝血酶原时间显著延长（t=4.109，P<0.001）。而衡量急性肝炎的指标丙氨酸转氨酶没有显著变化（t=0.956，P=0.341）。结论：卡马西平对患者术后血氨浓度影响较小，是开颅手术患者的首选AEDs药物，而丙戊酸钠更适合肝脏氨基转移酶异常的患者。     

“5+3”背景下医学生感官系统技能培训体系建设

为探索以器官-系统为中心的整合课程的教学改革，本项目在“5＋3”医学生中进行了针对感官系统的临床技能培训新体系建设。根据当前医学教育改革发展的趋势和要求，结合目前临床技能教学的现状，项目整合了包括耳鼻咽喉科、眼科及皮肤科的基础与临床教学内容，设计了新的临床技能培训体系，其中包括编写新的教材，制定新的教学大纲，由专门的教学组负责实施，培训方式包括模拟训练和床旁实战训练，考核方法包括操作能力考核和临床病例考核，培训内容则涵盖各专业常规操作技能。经过实践运用，证实该培训体系能快速有效地提升学生的临床操作技能，取得了良好的教学效果。     

Health-related quality of life in glomerular disease

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